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Dating to Spanish settlement in New Mexico and the Camino Real, the escarpment at La Bajada, which lies southwest of Santa Fe, posed a formidable challenge to the development of a transportation network along the Rio Grande Valley. In 1909 work started on the roadbed and cuts were made into the solid basalt caprock and retaining walls were built of dry masonry. The project was heralded as an engineering wonder along New Mexico’s Scenic Highway that soon became a part of the National Old Trails Road Ocean-to-Ocean Highway.